UMBAU展览 | 圣地亚哥·伯纳乌球场：星际宇宙飞船-建筑档案

改建后的圣地亚哥·伯纳乌球场，2024 年 © Marcus Bredt

After conversion: Estadio Santiago Bernabéu, 2024

皇家马德里体育场不仅是一座传奇性的足球圣殿，在过去的七十年中，它也曾多次改建和扩建，这是有目共睹的。通过最新一次改建，它被赋予了一个新的外立面，以一种新的姿态优雅而充满活力地拥抱了这一建筑综合体，与周围的城市空间建立了新的关系，并打造了一个闪耀的地标性建筑，第一次以恰如其分的建筑表达无愧于世界上最优秀足球俱乐部的称号。

Real Madrid’s stadium isn’t just a legendary temple of soccer. It’s also been converted and expanded repeatedly over the course of seven decades, as is clear to see. With the latest conversion, it has been endowed with a shell that elegantly and dynamically embraces the conglomerate in a new gesture while establishing new relationships with the urban spaces surrounding it and creating a shining landmark that, for the first time, provides suitable architectural expression to Real Madrid’s claim to being the best club in the world.

1947年至2014年

1943年，前足球运动员圣地亚哥·伯纳乌以一个简单的承诺赢得了皇家马德里主席的选举：他要将这支成功的西班牙球队打造成为世界上最好的足球俱乐部。为了实现这一目标，按照他的计划，皇马首先需要一座西班牙最大的体育场。在没有电视转播的年代，足球俱乐部仅靠门票销售就能获得大量收入。1944 年至 1947 年间，一座新的体育场在马德里以北建成，拥有当时令人难以置信的 75000 个座位。与此同时，资金也投入到了著名球员身上。于是，从1953 年至 1964 年间“白色芭蕾”组成，即以阿尔弗雷多·迪·斯特凡诺（Alfredo di Stéfano）、雷蒙德·科帕（Raymond Kopa）和费伦茨·普斯卡什（Ferenc Puskás）等明星球员为首的世界精选阵容。在此期间，皇家马德里赢得了八次西班牙冠军，并连续五次捧起欧洲冠军杯。正如伯纳乌所计划的那样，皇家马德里成为了世界上最成功的俱乐部。

1947 – 2014

In 1943, former soccer player Santiago Bernabéu was elected president of Real Madrid based on a simple promise: He would make the successful Spanish team the best club in the world. To accomplish his goal, he first needed to have Spain’s largest stadium. In the days before television broadcasts, the only way soccer teams could increase their revenue was through ticket sales. Thanks to donations, a new arena was built between 1944 and 1947 in the north of Madrid that held what was then an unbelievable 75,000 spectators. Money was also invested in prominent players. The period from 1953 to 1964 saw the creation of the “White Ballet,” a dream team of star players like Alfredo di Stefano, Raymond Kopa, and Ferenc Puskás. During this time, Real won eight Spanish championships, as well as the European Cup for national champions an astonishing five times in a row. Just as Bernabéu had planned, Real Madrid became the world’s most successful club.

1955年，球场更名为圣地亚哥·伯纳乌球场，并不断予以改造和扩建。早在1953年，东侧看台就增加了第三层看台；其容纳人数曾一度多达125000人，但由于将站位改为座席，容纳人数又逐渐减少。与此同时，俱乐部始终保持着成功记录。出色的球队屡次组建，其中包括文森特·德尔·博斯克（Vicente del Bosque）、格雷戈里奥·贝尼托（Gregorio Benito）、华尼托（Juanito）、保罗·布赖特纳（Paul Breitner）或贡特·内策尔（Günter Netzer）等球员。2000年，在弗洛伦蒂诺·佩雷斯（Florentino Pérez）主席领导下，开始了第二个成就非凡的时代。转会费不断创下新纪录，世界上最优秀的球员再次签约：路易斯·菲戈（Luís Figo）、齐内丁·齐达内（Zinédine Zidane）、罗纳尔多（Ronaldo）和大卫·贝克汉姆（David Beckham）与劳尔（Raúl）、罗伯托·卡洛斯（Roberto Carlos）、伊克尔·卡西利亚斯（Iker Casillas）等人组成了“银河战舰”（Los Galácticos）。惊人转会的传统延续至今，球员包括克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多（Cristiano Ronaldo）、卢卡·莫德里奇（Luka Modrić）、哈维·阿隆索（Xabi Alonso）和托尼·克罗斯（Toni Kroos）。只不过球场由于多次翻修，并没有像球队一样大放异彩。2011年，俱乐部决定对球场进行全面改造，使其在建筑表达上充分体现世界最佳俱乐部的一贯诉求。

The stadium, renamed Estadio Santiago Bernabéu in 1955, was constantly undergoing alterations and enlargements. A third upper tier had already been added to the east grandstand by 1953, with the stadium now reaching a capacity of 125,000 spectators that was gradually reduced as standing room was converted into seats. All the while, the club’s success remained constant. One exceptional team followed another, with players like Vicente del Bosque, Gregorio Benito, Juanito, Paul Breitner, and Günter Netzer. The second extraordinarily successful era began in 2000 under President Florentino Pérez. Once again, the world’s best players were signed up for ever higher, record-breaking amounts. Luís Figo, Zinédine Zidane, Ronaldo, David Beckham, Raúl, Iker Casillas, Roberto Carlos, and others became Los Galácticos. The tradition of spectacular transfers has continued until today with players like Cristiano Ronaldo, Luka Modrić, Xabi Alonso, and Toni Kroos. The stadium alone shone less brightly than the team due to its many conversions. In 2011, the club decided on a comprehensive conversion that would give appropriate architectural expression to its claim as the best club in the world.

圣地亚哥·伯纳乌球场与圣歌广场，2015 年和 2024年 © Marcus Bredt

Estadio Santiago Bernabéu with the Plaza de los Sagrados Corazones, 2015 and 2024

2015年至2024年

我们与西班牙合作伙伴 L35 Arquitectos 和 Ribas & Ribas 建筑师事务所共同合作的设计方案在国际竞赛中获胜。体育场的几何形体除作微小的改动外均予以保留，但其四周现在由微闪的银灰色不锈钢百叶结构围合。这样一来，碗状混凝土球场就呈现出一种显示运动和活力的动感曲线形态。建筑立面和屋顶自然过渡，天衣无缝地融为一体，足球场成为俱乐部和城区的一个地标：星际宇宙飞船。

2015 – 2024

In an international competition, the design that we developed in cooperation with our Spanish colleagues at L35 Arquitectos and Ribas & Ribas emerged the winner. Other than a few minor modifications, the stadium geometry remained the same, but would now be encased in a new shell of shining silver stainless-steel louvers, giving the concrete bowl a lively shape that is easily associated with motion and dynamism. The facade merges seamlessly with the roof. As a spaceship for the Galácticos, the stadium has become the emblem of the club and district.

安装新的建筑幕墙，2015 年 © Imagen Subliminal (Miguel de Guzmán & Rocío Romero)

Assembly of the new building envelope, 2015

不锈钢百页外立面构造 © Imagen Subliminal (Miguel de Guzmán & Rocío Romero)

Outer shell made of stainless-steel Louvers

然而，这艘飞船并不是一个异物。建筑外层结构容纳了大小不一的空间，轻而易举地将原有空间和新的配套空间整合在一起，尤其是通道以及餐饮、商业和皇家博物馆等辅助功能。该博物馆是球场游览的组成部分，在非比赛日也可以参观，改造后还将通往新的“空中走廊”，其沿着屋顶的边缘延伸，犹如一条公共大道，可俯瞰体育场全景。球场内部增加了贵宾包厢，并在上层看台之上增建了一层新的看台。西侧看台的包厢在比赛之外也可用于各种会议的举办。观众容纳量仅略有增加；重要的是增加了足球比赛之外的使用选择。同时，体育场的新外层结构使其能够更好地融入城市环境。尽管可用面积增加，但主入口前的公共广场也随之扩大。为此，两座通道建筑被拆除并在相隔几米以外的地方重建。

Nevertheless, this spaceship is not an alien being. The shell forms differently sized intermediate spaces in which existing and new ancillary facilities can easily be integrated, especially the access point, but also additional spaces for restaurants, retail, and the Real Museum, which is part of the stadium tour offered on days without games. Since the conversion, this tour has also included the new skywalk that follows along the roof’s edge like a public boulevard with broad, panoramic views all around the stadium’s circumference. Additional VIP boxes were installed and a new level was added to the upper tier. When no games are in session, the boxes on the west grandstand can also be used for conventions and conferences. The spectator capacity was only marginally increased, the focus being on expanding the potential uses beyond soccer games. At the same time, the new shell allowed the stadium to be more fully embedded in its urban surroundings. Despite an enlargement of the available space, it was also possible to enlarge the public square in front of the main entrance. This was done by demolishing two entrance towers and rebuilding them several meters from where they formerly stood.

建筑幕墙细部 © Imagen Subliminal (Miguel de Guzmán & Rocío Romero)

Detail of the facade construction UMBAU展览 | 圣地亚哥·伯纳乌球场：星际宇宙飞船

竣工后的外立面 © Marcus Bredt

Facade after completion

改造工程自 2019 年开始，同时不影响运营。新立面优雅的曲线为体育场的厚重体量增添了一份轻盈，但并没有掩盖或淡化其大气的形象。球场从街道中浮现出来，宛如一个闪闪发光的大型物体，但并没有立即显露自己的真面目。改建后的足球圣殿变成了一个多功能场馆，可完全开启或闭合的可移动屋面为此作出了贡献。屋顶下的环形空间安装了 360 度监视器。球场草坪也可移动：整个赛场草坪被分成九块，可通过升降机陆续收置到球场地下的狭长竖井中。草坪在那里可获得光照和水，而赛场内则留下坚固的地板，可用来举办大型活动。球场于 2024 年 5 月 29 日和 30 日举行了落成典礼。作为今后各种大型活动的正式开端，当时举行了两场“银河系”音乐会，即美国超级流行巨星泰勒·斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）的音乐会。

The conversion began in 2019 during ongoing operation. The sweeping gesture of the new facade lends the ponderous stadium building a certain lightness without obscuring or diminishing its magnitude. From the roadways, the arena appears as a large, shimmering object that doesn’t immediately disclose its actual function. The conversion has turned the temple of soccer into a multifunctional venue. This is partly due to the mobile roof that can be completely opened or closed. A 360-degree monitor is installed in a ring beneath the roof. Even the grass is mobile. The entire playing field is divided into nine strips that can be transported one by one to a narrow shaft beneath the arena via an elevator. There the grass is provided with light and water. This leaves the stadium with a solid floor slab that can easily accommodate major non-sporting events. Thus it was possible to officially inaugurate the stadium with two concerts that featured a very different sort of “Galáctica”: the American mega popstar Taylor Swift, who performed on May 29 and 30, 2024, as an official prelude to all future large-scale events.