破土动工！纽约曼哈顿 BIG U赋形韧性亲水空间-建筑档案

日前，纽约市长比尔·德·布拉西奥（Bill de Blasio）正式宣布曼哈顿下城的“东岸防灾系统”（East Side Coastal Resiliency，ECSR）破土动工。这一计划在未来将“悄悄”地保护纽约曼哈顿滨水区域免受水灾影响，同时为附近社区提供一系列精彩纷呈的创意景观设计。

Mayor Bill de Blasio has initiated the official groundbreaking of the East Side Coastal Resiliency (ECSR) project in Lower Manhattan. The project will "quietly" protect the waterfront of Manhattan from flooding, and provide a series of creative landscape designs for the community.

BIG U缘起于2012年飓风桑迪带来的巨大破坏，由此，海岸保护计划也应运而生。我们的方案旨在保护成千上万的纽约居民免受洪水及海平面上升的影响，在防御工程中用设计的力量改善并加强海岸空间与社区的联系，而非将二者隔绝。令人欣喜的是，这一意义重大的项目终于破土动工、快速推进。恭喜BIG纽约团队！

Eight years after Hurricane Sandy, the coastal protection initiative is a response to one of the most pressing issues that the city is facing. ESCR will protect hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers from flooding and sea-level rise, while improving waterfront spaces and access rather than walling off the neighborhood. We are thrilled that this important project is now moving quickly ahead. Congrats to the team!

2012年，飓风桑迪以前所未有的力量袭击了纽约，造成43人死亡、9万余座建筑被淹没、200万人无家可归。其带来的经济损失高达到190亿美元。这场飓风彻底改变了当地人对于气候变化危害的理解。其后，联邦应急管理局重新划定了洪涝危险区，将曼哈顿10英里的海岸线囊括在内，其中包括2.85亿平方英尺建筑面积、2.1万家企业、纽约证券交易所和金融区、每年吸引5720万游客的景点及20万名居民（含9.5万名低收入者、老年人或残疾人）。

In 2012, Hurricane Sandy slammed into New York with unprecedented force, resulting in 43 deaths, 90,000 inundated buildings, untenable living conditions for 2 million residents, and approximately $19 billion in damages. The storm radically altered local understanding of the threats of climate change. FEMA's new flood-risk zones, revised after Sandy, include 10 miles of coastline in Manhattan alone, home to 285 million built square feet, 21,000 businesses, the New York Stock Exchange and Financial District, attractions that draw 57.2 million annual visitors, and 200,000 residents (including 95,000 low-income, elderly, or disabled residents).

出于对飓风桑迪的灾后反思，美国住房和城市发展部于2013年举办了“Rebuild by Design”设计竞赛，寻求利用基于社区及政策的创新方案来增强受飓风影响地区的韧性。在长达一年的角逐中，BIG从10家跨学科设计团队及148位国际竞争者中脱颖而出，成为竞赛的获胜者之一。

Founded in 2013 as a response to Hurricane Sandy's devastations, Rebuild by Design called for an innovative community- and policy-based solution to promote resilience in the Sandy-affected region. Big U is selected as one of the winners of the year-long competition among ten multidisciplinary design teams and a total of 148 international applicants.

BIG U的构想始于前纽约市长布隆伯格（Mayor Bloomberg）的“重建与韧性特别计划”（Special Initiative for Rebuilding and Resiliency）时期。它为曼哈顿提供了包围式的系统防护策略，直接回应着当地社区的需求及顾虑。项目从西57街向南达炮台公园，向东则延伸至东42街。这里人口稠密、充满活力但又脆弱；BIG U就保护着这片绵延10英里的沿海洼地。设计方案根植于公共基础设施及享乐可持续两大理念，不仅能保护城市免受洪水及暴雨的影响，还能为街区带来社会及环境效益，改善公共空间。

The idea for the BIG U emerged during Mayor Bloomberg's Special Initiative for Rebuilding and Resiliency. Coined the 'Big U', the systematic approach encircles Manhattan responding directly to the needs and concerns of the area's communities. Running from West 57th Street south to The Battery and up to East 42nd Street, the Big U protects 10 continuous miles of low-lying geography that comprise an incredibly dense, vibrant, and vulnerable urban area. The team's approach is rooted in the two concepts of social infrastructure and hedonistic sustainability. The Big U not only shields the city against floods and storm water; it provides social and environmental benefits to the community, and fosters an improved public realm.

BIG设计了三个可以独立运行的“隔室”，每个“隔室”都由一个独立的防洪区构成，从而为邻近区域提供洪水防护。同时，“隔室”还具有优化社会集聚、社区规划的功能。尽管它们协同运作、共同保护我们的城市，但每个“隔室”都经独立设计而成。

The team envisions three compartments that function independently to provide flood protection. Each compartment comprises a physically discrete flood-protection zone that can be isolated from flooding in adjacent zones. At the same time, each presents opportunities for integrated social and community planning. The compartments work in unison to protect and enhance the city, yet each compartment’s proposal is designed to stand on its own.

Bjarke Ingels称，“BIG U就是我们所称的‘公共基础设施’的典型案例。“高线公园”展示了我们如何将废弃的基础设施（高架铁路）转变为公共空间和绿色景观。我们反复思索如何为曼哈顿下城建造韧性基础设施，能够抵御洪水的侵袭，同时也能为社区提供社交和休闲的环境设施。而不是建设一道城市与水岸之间的隔离墙。当然，设施也要能够辅助城市抵御洪水侵袭。BIG U不仅将使滨水空间更具韧性，也将持续吸引周边居民、增强公众与滨水空间的联系。”

"The Big U is an example of what we call Social Infrastructure. The High Line shows how a decommissioned piece of infrastructure – the abandoned elevated railway – can be transformed into a public space and green landscape. We asked ourselves: What if we could envision the resilience infrastructure for Lower Manhattan in a way that wouldn't be like a wall between the city and the water, but rather a string of pearls of social and environmental amenities tailored to their specific neighborhoods, which also happens to shield their hinterlands from flooding. The Big U will not only make the waterfront more resilient but also more accessible and inviting to the citizens around it." Bjarke Ingels, Founding Partner, BIG.

该项目获得了3.35亿美元的拨款，用于增强曼哈顿下城的韧性，保护城市未来免受风暴潮的侵袭，同时为当地社区带来社会及环境效益。

The BIG Team is awarded $335 million to increase resiliency in Lower Manhattan, protecting the city against future storm surges while providing social and environmental benefits to the local community.

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关于BIG-BJARKE INGELS GROUP

BIG建筑事务所团队由在哥本哈根、纽约、伦敦、深圳和巴塞罗那的建筑师、设计师、城市规划师、景观专业人士、室内和产品设计师、研究人员和发明家组成。事务所目前参与的项目遍及欧洲、美洲、亚洲和中东。BIG的建筑设计源于对当代生活不断演进和变化的仔细分析。通过发掘实用主义与乌托邦重叠之处的丰富内容，建筑师重获改变地球外表、使其更好地适应当代生活的自由。

About BIG-BJARKE INGELS GROUP

BIG-Bjarke Ingels Group is a Copenhagen, New York, London, Shenzhen, and Barcelona based group of architects, designers, urbanists, landscape professionals, interior and product designers, researchers and inventors. The office is currently involved in projects throughout Europe, America, Asia and the Middle East. BIG's architecture emerges out of a careful analysis of how contemporary life constantly evolves and changes. By hitting the fertile overlap between pragmatic and utopia, we architects once again find the freedom to change the surface of our planet, to better fit contemporary life forms.

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