奥林匹斯计划

Project Olympus

从明年开始，美国宇航局-美国国家航空航天局的“人造卫星”任务将正式开启。NASA计划在2024年让宇航员登上月球，并在本世纪末建造一个永久性的月球基地。BIG携手ICON打造的“奥林匹斯”项目将会是有史以来第一个在地球外表面建造的栖息地，CNN将近距离观察这个项目的详情，以及它要面临的、前所未有的挑战。

With NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Artemismissions starting next year, NASA aims to have astronauts on the moon in 2024 and anticipates a permanent lunar base by the end of the decade. CNN takes a closer look at BIG's Project Olympus with ICON as the first habitat ever constructed on an extraterrestrial surface, and its unprecedented challenges.

Project Olympus 概念图 ©Bjarke Ingels Group / ICON

自2018年以来，ICON一直在墨西哥和德克萨斯州使用3D打印技术建造社会住房。Vulcan打印机使用一种名为lavacrete的混凝土混合物，可以在24小时内打印约500平方英尺的面积。

ICON has been using 3D printing technology to build social housing in Mexico and Texas, since 2018. Using a concrete-based mixture called lavacrete, its Vulcan printer can print around 500-square-feet in 24 hours.

但月球是一个“完全不同的世界”，巴拉德说。从地球上看，月亮像一个平静、光滑、银色的球体，但实际上，它会受到高强度的辐射、强烈的月震、极端的温度波动以及微陨石撞击稀薄大气层的频繁冲击。

But the moon is a "radically different world," says Ballard. From Earth, it looks like a serene, smooth, silver orb but it is subject to high levels of radiation, violent moonquakes, extreme temperature swings and frequent strikes by micrometeorites that crash through its thin atmosphere, he says.

Project Olympus 研发空间 ©Bjarke Ingels Group / ICON

将月球尘埃转化为建筑材料又是一个巨大挑战。巴拉德透露，他们的研究小组正在对月球尘埃的小样进行实验，研究如何用微波、激光和红外光改变其状态，同时“几乎不使用任何添加剂”。

And turning moon dust into building material is another huge challenge. The team is experimenting with small samples of moon dust in a lab -- working out how to change its state with microwaves, lasers and infrared light, while using "little to no additives," says Ballard.

Project Olympus 项目概念图 ©Bjarke Ingels Group / ICON

ICON与两家建筑公司：Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG)和Space Exploration Architecture (SEArch+)合作，探索3D打印技术的可能性。

ICON worked with two architectural firms, Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) and Space Exploration Architecture (SEArch+), to explore the possibilities of 3D printing technology.

巴拉德说：研究小组研究了极端环境下的栖息地，包括南极的麦克默多空间站和国际空间站，并利用他们的发现创造了一系列的月球概念设计。

The team studied habitats in extreme environments, including the McMurdo Station in Antarctica and the International Space Station, and used their findings to create a range of lunar design concepts, says Ballard.

BIG的创始人Bjarke Ingels说：建筑师必须考虑如何创造一个既安全又舒适的居住环境。SEArch+提出的方案采用了一个高大的多层结构，带有保护属性的3D打印花瓣来屏蔽将要在地球上建造的核心，而BIG则设计了一个可以完全在月球上打印的圆形结构。BIG的设计还包括在卧室的墙壁上填充一层可见的水膜，Bjarke Ingels说：“这是一种很好的防辐射绝缘材料，它能在宇航员睡觉时提供额外的保护。”

The architects had to consider how to create an environment that is safe as well as comfortable to live in, says BIG founder Bjarke Ingels.The proposal by SEArch+ features a tall, multi-story structure with protective 3D-printed petals shielding a core that would be built on Earth, while BIG designed a circular structure which could be entirely printed on the moon.

BIG's design includes a visible membrane of water padding the walls of the bedroom -- "a good insulant against radiation," says Ingels -- which will give astronauts extra protection while they sleep.

3D打印太空建筑 ©Bjarke Ingels Group 

辐射意味着窗户必须保持在最低限度，因此Bjarke Ingels谨慎地选择了建筑物唯一一个面向地球的位置。一个“双壳”结构和外部晶格结构，可以被松散的月球尘埃包裹，提供额外的保护免受辐射和陨石。

The radiation means that windows must be kept to a minimum, so Ingels carefully chose the location of the building's only one -- which always faces Earth.

A "double shell" structure and exterior latticework, which can be packed with loose lunar dust, provide additional protection from radiation and meteorites, says Ingels.

除了宇航员的生活和工作空间，月球基地还需要建造着陆场、道路和仓库。Bjarke Ingels说：到目前为止，人类在太空的存在一直“由工程主导”，他希望在多个行业的共同努力下，月球上的第一个永久性建筑能在设计上和工程上都成为一个“令人魂牵梦萦的”奇迹。

In addition to living and working spaces for astronauts, the lunar base would need to incorporate landing pads, roads and storage sheds. Human presence in space has been "dominated by engineering" so far, says Ingels. With multiple industries working together he hopes that the first permanent structure on the moon can be "aspirational" in design as well as an engineering marvel.

Project Olympus  ©Bjarke Ingels Group 

更多详情请参考CNN Style：

https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/3d-print-lunar-base-moon-dust-spc-intl/index.html

—END—

关于BIG-BJARKE INGELS GROUP

BIG建筑事务所是由在哥本哈根、纽约、伦敦和巴塞罗那的建筑师、设计师、城市规划师、景观专业人士、室内和产品设计师、研究人员和发明家组成的团队。事务所目前参与的项目涵盖欧洲、美洲、亚洲和中东。BIG的建筑设计源于当代生活如何不断演进和变化的仔细分析。通过发掘实用主义与乌托邦重叠之处的丰富内容，建筑师重获了改变地球外表，使其更好地适应当代生活的自由。

About BIG-BJARKE INGELS GROUP

BIG Architects is a team of architects, designers, urban planners, landscape professionals, interior and product designers, researchers, and inventors in Copenhagen, New York, London, and Barcelona. The firm's current projects cover Europe, America, Asia, and the Middle East. BIG's architectural design stems from a careful analysis of how contemporary life continues to evolve and change. By exploring the rich content of the overlap between pragmatism and utopia, the architect has regained the freedom to change the appearance of the earth and make it better to adapt to contemporary life.

网址Website: www.big.dk

邮箱Email: bigchina@wrightcommunication.cn