太阳颂歌 | MVRDV 在威尼斯双年展智造 SOMBRA 动力遮阳装置-建筑档案

MVRDV 为 2025 威尼斯艺术建筑双年展平行展《时间、空间、存在》带来 SOMBRA 装置空间。装置由 MVRDV 与幕墙公司 Metadecor、科技公司 Airshade 和建筑型材制造商 Alumet 等公司合作呈现，受到日影仪的启发，这座名为“太阳颂歌”的装置为欧洲文化中心的 Giardini Marinaressa 展场提供了一个动态的遮阳结构。SOMBRA 一名由拉丁语中太阳 (sol) 和阴影 (umbra) 两个词语构成，展示了关于自然能量的创新技术：在不使用电器或发动机的前提下，动态建筑元素如何完全基于被动物理原理实现运行。

For the Time Space Existence exhibition in Venice, MVRDV collaborated with Metadecor, Airshade, and Alumet among others to create the SOMBRA pavilion. With its shape inspired by heliodon devices, this “ode to the sun”provides a dynamic shading structure in the European Cultural Centre’s Giardini Marinaressa. The SOMBRA pavilion – its name a portmanteau of the Latin words for sun (sol) and shade (umbra) – serves as a demonstration vehicle for an innovative technology: kinetic building elements that work based exclusively on passive physical principles, without using electronics or motors.

装置的六根金属“肋条”结构采用朝阳的角度设置，顶部和底部的拱形分别与夏至和冬至期间的太阳角度相对应。拱形结构来自从其他项目中回收的梁柱，支撑三角形的面板，面板采用了 Metadecor 公司的 MD Formatura 立体穿孔屏，日光下产生斑驳的阴影。面板装有铰链，可根据太阳的照射强度打开或关闭。在静止状态下，面板可以最大限度地打开，减小穿孔屏对视野的遮挡。在强烈的直射阳光下，单个面板关闭，以提供最大程度的遮阳。这种变化类似于生命有机体会随着太阳的移动而改变姿态和情绪。

The pavilion’s six metal ribs are angled towards the sun, with the top and bottom arches corresponding to the angle of the sun during the summer and winter solstice respectively. These arches, which are made of beams reused from an earlier project, support triangular panels, which give a dappled shade thanks to the perforated screens of Metadecor’s MD Formatura. The panels are hinged, and open or close in response to the sun. In their resting state, the panels are open to maximise views through the shading screen. Yet in the presence of intense, direct sunlight, individual panels will close to give maximum shade. The impression is akin to a living organism, which changes its posture as the sun moves through the sky, and breathes a sigh during cloudy periods.

这些动态效果都得益于 Airshade 的自然物理原理。结构的拱形梁中隐藏着一系列小型气罐。当结构的一部分吸收到日照的热能时，气罐内的压力上升，则空气被压入连接着结构和面板的小型气囊中。气囊的运行机制类似软体机器人的工作原理，当气囊充气时，它会像肌肉一样收缩，抵消铰链中弹簧的作用力，从而关闭面板。因此，装置本身成为一个动态控制光、热和通风的建筑实验，同时实现了零碳排放。

All of this is achieved using only natural physical principles thanks to Airshade. The arched ribs of the structure conceal a series of small air canisters. When a part of the structure is heated by the sun, the pressure inside the canister rises and air is forced into a small airbag connecting the structure and the panel. Using a mechanism inspired by the principles of soft robotics, as the airbag inflates it contracts like a muscle, counteracting the spring in the hinge to close the panel. The pavilion therefore provides an architectural experiment in dynamically controlled light, heat, and ventilation that has zero operational carbon emissions.

“随着气候危机的加剧，我们显然需要与环境更加协调的新建筑”，MVRDV 合伙人 Bertrand Schippan 说道。“这一理念下存在着诸多解决方式可能性，SOMBRA 洽洽体现了其中的一种：能够感知环境并以类似植物的方式对环境做出反应的建筑。”

“With the climate crisis accelerating, it’s clear that we need new architecture that is more in tune with the environment”, says MVRDV partner Bertrand Schippan. “SOMBRA is a demonstration of one approach among many to this philosophy: an architecture that senses its environment and reacts to it in much the same way that plants do.”

SOMBRA 装置还通过其他诸多细节向太阳致敬。圆形的地面上镌刻着极地太阳的路径图案。拱形结构上印刻着用200余种语言翻译的“阳光与阴影”的字样，不仅呼应了它的名字，也提醒人们——人与太阳的关系是自然的普世体验。

The pavilion’s dedication to the sun is made clear in a number of details. The circular floor plate of the pavilion is engraved with the polar sun path chart on which the pavilion’s geometry was based. The undersides of the arches are adorned with the words “sun and shade”written in over 200 languages –not only providing a reference to the pavilion’s name, but offering a reminder that our relationship with the sun is a universal human experience.

SOMBRA 装置由 Metadecor、Airshade Technologies、MVRDV、Alumet、Van Rossum Raadgevend Ingenieurs、Arup、Kersten Europe 和 AMOLF Institute 协作完成。展期自 5 月 10 日起持续至 2025 年深秋。点击“阅读原文”了解更多展览相关信息。

SOMBRA Pavilion was made through a collaboration between Metadecor, Airshade Technologies, MVRDV, Alumet, Van Rossum Raadgevend Ingenieurs, Arup, Kersten Europe, and the AMOLF Institute. The pavilion will be exhibited at Time Space Existence from May 10th until late Autumn, with plans in development to bring the pavilion to other locations at a later date. Click 'read more' to know more about the exhibition.

MVRDV建筑规划事务所由Winy Maas、Jacob van Rijs和Nathalie de Vries创立于荷兰鹿特丹，致力于为当代的建筑和都市问题提供解决方案。MVRDV的创作基于深度研究与高度协作，各领域的专家、客户及利益相关方从项目初期一直参与设计的全过程。直率而真诚的建筑、都市规划、研究和装置作品堪称典范，让城市和景观朝向更美好的未来发展。

MVRDV的早期项目，如荷兰公共广播公司VPRO的总部，以及荷兰阿姆斯特丹的WoZoCo老年公寓，都获得了广泛的国际赞誉。MVRDV250余位建筑师、设计师和城市规划师在多学科交叉的设计过程中，始终坚持严格的技术标准和创新性研究。MVRDV采用BIM技术，公司内拥有正式的BREEAM和LEED顾问。MVRDV与荷兰代尔夫特理工大学合作运营独立智库和研究机构The Why Factory，通过展望未来都市，为建筑及都市主义提供发展议程。

MVRDV was set up in 1993 in Rotterdam, The Netherlands by Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries. MVRDV engages globally in providing solutions to contemporary architectural and urban issues. A research-based and highly collaborative design method engages experts from all fields, clients and stakeholders in the creative process. The results are exemplary and outspoken buildings, urban plans, studies and objects, which enable our cities and landscapes to develop towards a better future.

Early projects by the office, such as the headquarters for the Dutch Public Broadcaster VPRO and WoZoCo housing for the elderly in Amsterdam lead to international acclaim. 250 architects, designers and other staff develop projects in a multi-disciplinary, collaborative design process which involves rigorous technical and creative investigation. MVRDV works with BIM and has official in-house BREEAM and LEED assessors. Together with Delft University of Technology, MVRDV runs The Why Factory, an independent think tank and research institute providing an agenda for architecture and urbanism by envisioning the city of the future.

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